ABSTRACT The true identity of the “Chauve-Souris Onzieme ou Chauve-Souris Cannelle” of Azara (1801) and the “LXXXII Murcielago Acanelado” of Azara (1802) has never been clarified. Though it has historically been associated with the Red Myotis, Myotis ruber (É. Geoffroy St.-Hilaire, 1806), there are clear inconsistencies with that species. Unusual features of the description such as the position of the attachment of the wing membrane to the limbs confirm that the species described by Azara belongs to the Myotis simus Thomas, 1901 group. Two members of that group occur in Paraguay, from where Azara described his specimen: Myotis cf. simus and the recently described Myotis midastacus Moratelli & Wilson, 2014. Measurements and collection locality slightly favour its identity as the former, but it is not possible to conclusively state which of these species Azara had in his possession.

ABSTRACT The identity of the bird described from Paraguay by Félix de Azara as No. 372 Ypacahá del Pardo is confirmed as the immature plumage of the Spotted Rail Pardirallus maculatus maculatus (Boddaert, 1783). This description is the basis for the name Rallus rytirhynchos Vieillot, 1819 which is thus a junior subjective synonym and an available name. Rallus rytirhynchos Vieillot, 1819 is the type species of the genus Ortygonax Heine, 1890. Ortygonax Heine, 1890 is a junior subjective synonym of Pardirallus Bonaparte, 1856 and is also available for application.

RESUMO A identidade da ave do Paraguai descrita por Félix de Azara como No. 372 Ypacahá del Pardo é confirmada como a plumagem imatura da saracura-carijó Pardirallus maculatus maculatus (Boddaert, 1783). Esta descrição e a base para o nome Rallus rytirhynchos Vieillot, 1819 que é, portanto, um sinônimo júnior, e disponível para sua aplicação. Rallus rytirhynchos Vieillot, 1819 é a espécie-tipo do gênero Ortygonax Heine, 1890. Ortygonax Heine, 1890 é um sinônimo júnior de Pardirallus Bonaparte, 1856 e também está disponível para aplicação.

ABSTRACT The Mbaracayú Forest Natural Reserve (RNBM) is a 64,405 ha tract of protected land in Canindeyú, northeastern Paraguay. The majority of its land cover is Upper Paraná Atlantic Forest, as well as a substantial Cerrado portion. Other than limited biological research and hunting by traditional methods by Aché indigenous people, the forest has been largely undisturbed for the last 35-40 years, and thus hosts a relatively complete faunal community representative of this region. This paper reports on the mammalian species resident in the Reserve, which have been verified by one or more voucher specimens. Of over 40 mammal collections surveyed in Europe, North and South America, we are aware of ten which contain a total of 4,929 specimens from the RNBM. The specimens represent a diverse mammalian fauna, including 20 families and 71 species. Based on other verifiable records, at least 84 species of mammals are known from the Reserve. Recent reports of newly verified mammals from the Reserve suggest that continued research should be supported.

RESUMEN La Reserva Natural del Bosque Mbaracayú (RNBM) es un área protegida de 64.405 ha en Canindeyú, nordeste de Paraguay. La mayor parte de su cobertura es de Bosque Atlántico del Alto Paraná, pero incorpora también un área significante de Cerrado. Además de ocasionales investigaciones biológicas y la caza por métodos tradicionales por parte de los indígenas Aché, el bosque ha estado prácticamente intocado durante los últimos 35-40 años y, como resultado, alberga una comunidad faunística casi completa y representativa de esta región. Este artículo reporta sobre las especies de mamíferos residentes en la Reserva, que han sido verificadas por uno o más especímenes. De las más de 40 colecciones de mamíferos revisadas en Europa, América del Norte y del Sur, se conocen diez que contienen un total de 4.929 especímenes provenientes de la RNBM. Los especímenes representan una fauna diversa de mamíferos, abarcando 20 familias y 71 especies. Sumado con otros registros verificables, al menos 84 especies de mamíferos habitan en la Reserva. Reportes recientemente verificados de mamíferos adicionales en la Reserva sugieren que la investigación continuada debe ser apoyada.

Abstract Eight species of macaw (Psittacidae: Anodorhynchus, Ara, Primolius) have previously been reported from Paraguay. We discuss all verifiable reports of the species from Paraguay and provide comment on their statuses. Ara chloropterus and Primolius auricollis are both widespread species known from multiple reports across a wide geographic area. We report minor range extensions within Paraguay for both species. Anodorhynchus hyacinthinus is documented as a breeding resident with a restricted distribution in the Upper Paraguay River basin. The first modern records of Ara ararauna and the first record of Diopsittaca nobilis for the country are documented with photographs. We are unable to find any confirmed records of Anodorhynchus glaucus from Paraguay and thus consider it of possible occurrence. Two species are rejected as erroneously cited, Ara militaris and Ara glaucogularis. Consequently six species in four genera are now confirmed to occur in Paraguay.

RESUMEN La identidad de dos aves descritas de Paraguay por Félix de Azara como No. 378 "Ypacahá jaspeado encima" y No. 402 "Chorlito pies roxos" es revelada. No. 378 se refiere al Burrito ocelado Micropygia schomburgkii y es la base del nombre Rallus maculosus de Vieillot, 1819. Rallus maculosus Vieillot, 1819, es un nomen oblitum, y no está disponible para su aplicación. No. 402 se trata del Vuelvepiedras Arenaria interpres morinella y es la base del nombre Totanus nigellus Vieillot, 1816. Totanus nigellus Vieillot, 1816 es un sinónimo junior de Arenaria interpres morinella (Linnaeus, 1766) y está disponible para su aplicación.

ABSTRACT The identity of two birds described from Paraguay by Félix de Azara as No. 378 "Ypacahá jaspeado encima" and No. 402 "Chorlito pies roxos" is elucidated for the first time. No. 378 refers to Ocellated Crake Micropygia schomburgkii and is the basis for the name Rallus maculosus of Vieillot, 1819. Rallus maculosus Vieillot, 1819, is a nomen oblitum, unavailable for application. No. 402 is referable to Ruddy Turnstone Arenaria interpres morinella and is the basis of the name Totanus nigellus Vieillot, 1816. Totanus nigellus Vieillot, 1816 is thus a junior synonym of Arenaria interpres morinella (Linnaeus, 1766) and available for application.

ABSTRACT Sittace flaviventris Wagler, 1832 was the name given to Azara’s No. 276 “Maracaná cabeza y encuentro roxos”, but since then the identity of the species has remained a mystery. Based on a tail-less domestic individual, it has most often been attributed to an aberrant Aratinga parakeet, and is currently considered a doubtful taxon. In this note the identity of “Azara’s Parakeet” is confirmed as Red-spectacled Amazon Amazona pretrei (Temminck, 1830), a species that still occurs today in the region from where Azara described it. Sittace flaviventris is thus a junior synonym of Amazona pretrei.

Rufous-tailed Jacamar Galbula ruficauda is known from few records in Paraguay, all during the last 20 years. The species has been recorded in the northern Chaco and Paraguayan Pantanal, with all confirmed records from Alto Paraguay department. Here we summarise all reports and localities of the species in Paraguay to date. The species is categorized as Data Deficient at the national level, but may be more widely distributed than is currently recognised.

Galbula ruficauda es una especie que cuenta con pocos registros a lo largo de 20 años en Paraguay. La especie ha sido observada en la zona norte del Chaco y Pantanal paraguayo, departamento Alto Paraguay. En este trabajo reportamos los registros y localidades de ocurrencia de la especie en el país. Actualmente se encuentra en la categoría de Datos Insuficientes a nivel nacional, aunque puede ser que su distribución sea más amplia.

Despite repeated references to the species in Paraguay, the status of the Dusky-legged Guan Penelope obscura in the country has been the subject of much debate. In an attempt to clarify the available data, a thorough review of literature records is provided and details of new and previously unpublished records that confirm that the nominate subspecies is present in Paraguay are given. With the species limits in the obscura complex poorly defined, we provide a brief discussion of the potential importance of Paraguayan populations for the conservation of the species.

A pesar de repetidas referencias sobre la presencia de la especie en Paraguay, el estado de Penelope obscura sigue siendo debatido. Para aclarar los datos disponibles se provee una revisión de la literatura junto con datos de registros inéditos modernos que comprueban la presencia de la especie en Paraguay. Los limites de especies adentro del complejo obscura no están bien definidos, y por eso incluimos una discusión breve e la importancia potencial de las poblaciones Paraguayas para la conservación de la especie.

Catharus fuscescens in Argentina and Paraguay- We present the first observations of the Veery (Catharus fuscescens) in Argentina and the second documented record for Paraguay. All observations took place between the last week of October and the first week of November 2010, at Parque Provincial Cruce Caballero (Misiones, Argentina), and Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso (Boquerón, Paraguay). Records from neighbouring countries are discussed and key characteristics for field identification are provided. The irruption of individuals in Misiones during 2010 can be attributed to an abnormal migratory movement that does not occur every year. We propose Zorzalito Colorado as the common name to be used in Argentina.

Se presentan los primeros registros de Catharus fuscescens en Argentina y el segundo registro documentado en Paraguay. Todas las detecciones fueron obtenidas entre la última semana de octubre y la primera semana de noviembre de 2010, en el Parque Provincial Cruce Caballero (Misiones, Argentina) y en el Parque Nacional Teniente Enciso (Boquerón, Paraguay). Se discuten algunos registros efectuados en países limítrofes y los caracteres clave que permiten identificar a la especie en el campo. La aparición de estos individuos en Misiones en 2010 correspondería a un paso migratorio que parece no repetirse todos los años. Se propone el nombre común Zorzalito Colorado.